AIS船舶污染风险定量评估模型     

柴田  熊德琪 《测绘科学》2013,38(3):137-139

针对目前海上船舶污染风险评估模型的不足,本文提出一种基于船舶自动识别系统(AIS)的海上船舶污染风险定量评估数学模型。该模型的特点是对特定海域船舶污染历史事故进行统计分析,通过AIS中的信息对船舶事故频率进行建模及数值计算;并且模型考虑到事故海域资源类型,船舶种类、大小、风险程度以及污染事故等级等因素,使污染风险评估更科学化和定量化。  相似文献   

Automatic road change detection and GIS updating from high spatial remotely-sensed imagery     

Zhang Qiaoping  Isabelle Couloigner 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(2):89-95

This paper presents a framework for road network change detection in order to update the Canadian National Topographic DataBase (NTDB). The methodology has been developed on the basis of road extraction from IRS-pan images (with a 5.8 m spatial resolution) by using a wavelet approach. The feature matching and conflation techniques are used to road change detection and updating. Elementary experiments have showed that the proposed framework could be used for developing an operational road database updating system.  相似文献   

Assessment of severity of the extreme River Tyne flood in January 2005 using gauged and historical information     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):992-1003

Abstract

The extreme Tyne (Northumbria, UK) flood in January 2005 provided the opportunity to reassess flood risk and to link peak discharge and flooded area to probability of occurrence. However, in spite of the UK guidance on flood risk assessment given in the Flood Estimation Handbook (FEH), there is still considerable subjectivity in deriving risk estimates. A particular problem for the Tyne arises from the effects of river bed gravel extraction both on the reliability of gauged discharges and in the interpretation of historical level data. In addition, attenuation and drawdown of Kielder Water has reduced downstream flood risk since 1982. Estimates from single-site, pooled estimates and historical information are compared. It is concluded that the return period of the observed flood was around 71 years on the lower Tyne and was probably the largest flood since 1815.  相似文献   

Extended Sediment Quality Rating for Trace Elements in Urban Waters – Case Study Klinke,Germany     

Wolf von Tümpling  Norbert Scheibe  Jürgen Werner Einax 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(6):565-573

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) commits European Union member states to achieving good ecological status in all water bodies by 2015. For sediments the definition of good chemical status is based on numerical sediment quality guidelines. The aqua regia fraction is thus used for the evaluation of heavy metal concentrations in sediments. The chemical constituents in sediments responsible for mobility and toxicity are not considered generally. This article presents the combining of the sequential BCR procedure, for determining the chemical species of relevant elements, with the geoaccumulation index principle a numerical classification method for sediment quality guidelines. Using the BCR method it can be demonstrated that changes in element speciation can lead to more highly mobile species of trace elements which may affect the hazardous potential of sediments despite the “good chemical status” classification for aqua regia digestions. The Klinke stream is an urban surface water body located in Magdeburg, the state capital of Saxony‐Anhalt, Germany. Using this stream as an example it is shown that this additional information helps to describe the dynamics and discharge of the trace elements Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Pd, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Bi, and U into the Elbe River from urban water bodies.  相似文献   

Fractionation of Ni,Cr and Cu from Soil by Sequential Extraction Procedure and Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry     

Sukran Akkus  Tulin Bal  Nagihan M. Karaaslan  Emre Yaman  Ersin Kilinc  Mehmet Yaman 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(12):1229-1234

Five‐step sequential extractions were employed to fractionation of Ni, Cr and Cu in soil polluted by anthropogenic activities and determine the mobility of the metals. Twelve samples were collected on an agricultural area that was located near an airport and intercity roads in Elazig‐Turkey. Exchangeable, organically bounded, carbonate bounded, adsorbed species on Fe and Mn oxides and residual species (except silicates) of Ni, Cr and Cu were extracted into solution by using CaCl₂, Na₄P₂O₇, Na₂EDTA, NH₂OH–HCl and HNO₃–H₂O₂, respectively. Mobile metal concentrations in fractions and total recoverable in soils were determined by using inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). Total recoverable Ni, Cr and Cu concentrations were in the range of 40–119, 45–126 and 23–72 mg kg^?1, respectively. It was observed that total concentrations of metals in some of the samples were higher than the permitted values. The sum of the mobile percentages of metals was found to be lower than 50%. The Ni, Cr and Cu percentages for exchangeable species are in the ranges of 0.18–1.64, 0.03–0.59 and 0.42–2.53%, respectively.  相似文献   

基于多时相环境一号卫星CCD数据的植被覆盖信息快速提取研究——以长白山地区为例     

张冲冲  南颖  赵洋 《地理与地理信息科学》2013,29(5)

选取长白山地区为研究区,利用2009年14期环境一号卫星CCD数据,运用非监督分类方法提取了长白山地区2009年植被覆盖信息,对提取结果进行了精度验证并与单期TM数据提取结果进行了对比分析.研究表明,多时相环境一号卫星CCD数据能够快速准确地提取植被覆盖信息,总体精度为84.67％,Kappa系数为0.82,总体精度和单个植被类型精度均高于单时相TM数据;多时相环境一号卫星CCD数据能区分出常绿针叶林和落叶针叶林,且分类结果景观破碎度较低;长白山地区以针阔混交林为主,占区域总面积的40.84％,植被呈明显的垂直地带性分布.  相似文献   

基于MapGIS的图切地质剖面系统面向对象设计与实现          下载免费PDF全文

陈志军  陈建国 《江苏地质》2012,36(3):256-264

地质剖面图可以清晰反映图区内地层、岩体、构造的空间分布特征,对于认识各种地质体和矿床赋存的地质条件和时空分布规律具有重要的意义.在GIS环境下对数字地质图开展图切剖面软件的研究和开发是一项基础且重要的工作,图切地质剖面图不仅可为地质工作者认识地质特征提供基础图件,还可成为三维地质填图基础数据来源.介绍了基于MapGIS的地质图切剖面软件的系统设计方案,深入探讨了图切地质剖面软件研发中的面向对象设计方案,成功实现了面向对象的图切剖面的自动生成及交互修编功能.所研发的制图技术高效实用,能够满足各种比例尺的MapGIS地质图图切剖面的编制要求.  相似文献   

用水化学动力学方法分析评价苏锡常地区孔隙Ⅱ承压水超采状态下补给条件的意义          下载免费PDF全文

郑丽春  缪晓图  薛宁菊 《江苏地质》2012,36(2):180-191

基于孔隙承压水属性,研究了苏锡常地区孔隙Ⅱ承压水超采状态下最大水位埋深期（1994年、1998年）地下水动态（水位、水质）监测资料与水文地质条件。论述水位动态虽能直观反映开采状态下水资源衰竭与水位变化特征,但对补给条件及水动力机制不清楚,则会给超采状态下水文地质条件认识及评价带来视觉上的偏颇。采用水化学动力参数则能很好地反映不同水源补给空间的变化规律,用其常量水化学组分（K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、HCO-3、CO2-3、SO2-4）计算的离子强度（I）、主要离子活度（aHCO-3、aNa+  相似文献   

江苏沭阳主城区地面沉降初步探讨     

汪名鹏 《地质灾害与环境保护》2012,23(3):5-9

对本区地层结构及深层地下水开采现状的研究表明,土层应力效应特征是发生地面沉降的内因,超量无序开采深层地下水是其外因.鉴于目前实测数据缺乏,运用太沙基有效应力理论和一维固结理论,估算地面沉降量.发现最终地面沉降总量为534 mm.截至2010年研究区实际沉降量132.7 mm,沉降速度缓慢.最后,提出当前的控制对策以及进一步研究的方法与建议.  相似文献   

ASE3OO与快速索氏抽提仪处理沉积岩样品的地化参数对比     

魏彩云  王汇彤  赵丽娜  张水昌  程磊 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2012,31(1):89-95

本文对加速溶剂萃取仪(ASE300)和快速索氏抽提仪提取的氯仿沥青“A”及由其分离出的饱和烃、芳烃、胶质和沥青质组分做了详细对比.结果表明:多数情况下ASE300抽提出的氯仿沥青“A”的量比快速索氏抽提仪抽提出的量略多,主要是胶质和沥青质量的增加;不同抽提装置得到的饱和烃和芳烃组分的色谱-质谱谱图高度一致,定量结果的相对偏差在5％以内.各组分的稳定碳同位素分析精度±0.5‰.所有的地化参数表明ASE300完全可以替代快速索氏抽提仪,从而降低消耗、提高分析效率.  相似文献